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The Hanukkah menorah or chanukiah ((ヘブライ語:מנורת חנוכה) ''menorat ḥanukkah'', pl. ''menorot'') (also (ヘブライ語:חַנֻכִּיָּה) ''ḥanukkiyah'', or ''chanukkiyah'', pl. ''ḥanukkiyot''/''chanukkiyot'', or Yiddish: חנוכּה לאמפּ ''khanike lomp'', lit.: Hanukkah lamp) is a nine-branched candelabrum lit during the eight-day holiday of Hanukkah, as opposed to the seven-branched menorah used in the ancient Temple or as a symbol. On each night of Hanukkah a new branch is lit. The ninth holder, called the ''shamash'' ("helper" or "servant"), is for a candle used to light all other candles and/or to be used as an extra light. To be kosher the shamash must be offset on a higher or lower plane than the main eight candles or oil lamps. There are differing opinions as to whether or not all the lights must be arranged in a straight line,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.chabad.org/holidays/chanukah/article_cdo/aid/591946/jewish/What-is-a-kosher-Menorah.htm )〕 or if the channukiah can be arranged in a curve.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ou.org/holidays/chanukah/laws_of_chanukah/ )〕 The menorah is among the most widely produced articles of Jewish ceremonial art. The seven-branched menorah is a traditional symbol of Judaism, along with the Star of David.〔Judaism A-Z Yacov Newman, Gavriel Sivan〕 ==Public displays== (詳細はElected officials often participate in publicly lighting the menorah. The Chabad-Lubavitch movement is well associated with public lighting ceremonies, which it has done since a directive from their last Rebbe, Menachem Mendel Schneerson, in 1987. In the book ''A Kosher Christmas: 'Tis the Season to Be Jewish''," (Rutgers University Press, 2012), author Rabbi Joshua Plaut, Ph.D. details the history of public displays of the menorah across the United States, summarizes the courts cases associated with this issue, and explains how the Presidents of the United States came to embrace lighting the menorah during Hanukkah. Since 1979, the White House has been represented at the lighting of the National Menorah in celebration of Hanukkah, beginning with the attendance of President Jimmy Carter in the ceremony in Lafayette Park. Additionally, beginning with President Bill Clinton in 1993, a Hanukkah menorah is lit at the White House, and in 2001, President George W. Bush began the annual tradition of a White House Hanukkah Party in the White House residence, which includes a menorah candle lighting ceremony. In the United Kingdom, the House of Commons of the United Kingdom each year holds a menorah lighting at the official residence of the Speaker of the House of Commons, located in the Palace of Westminster. The menorah currently used was commissioned by the Rt. Hon. Michael J. Martin MP, then Speaker of the House of Commons.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=M.P. Levene Special Commissions )〕 Martin is a Roman Catholic; his successor, John Bercow, is coincidentally the first Jewish Speaker of the House of Commons. The world's largest non-Hanukkah 7-branched menorah is in Manado in Indonesia; a country with a Jewish population of less than 5% only. It stands at 62 feet tall. Two big menorahs are in New York City, each standing at 32 feet. One is at Grand Army Plaza in Brooklyn, (World's Largest Menorah ) and the other is lit at Fifth Avenue and 59th Street in Manhattan near Central Park. A 4,000-pound structure, it is the work of Israeli artist Yaacov Agam. Because of the menorah's heights, Con Edison assists the lighting by using a crane to lift each person to the top. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Menorah (Hanukkah)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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